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Related Experiment Videos

Methods for warming intravenous fluid in small volumes.

J A Schultz1, C Sims, B Bissonnette

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'Anesthesie
|February 18, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Warming intravenous fluids for neonates is fastest with a fluid warmer and coaxial tubing. Other methods like water baths or warming blankets are significantly slower for albumin and packed red blood cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Devices
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Clinical Practice

Background:

  • Rapid and safe warming of intravenous fluids is critical in neonatal care.
  • Common clinical methods for warming small fluid volumes include fluid warmers, water baths, and warming blankets.
  • The efficiency and speed of different warming techniques can vary significantly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the warming rates of albumin 5% and human packed red blood cells (PRBCs) using four clinical methods.
  • To determine the most effective method for rapidly warming small volumes of fluids for neonatal use.

Main Methods:

  • Albumin and PRBCs were warmed using: 1) a fluid warmer with coaxial tubing, 2) a 37°C water bath, 3) pre-filled syringes between a water mattress and a forced-air blanket, or 4) syringes between a water mattress and towels.

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  • Fluid temperatures were recorded at intervals up to 60 seconds (Group I) or 30 minutes (Groups II-IV).
  • Time constants and final temperatures were calculated and compared across groups.

    • Main Results:

    • The fluid warmer with coaxial tubing (Group I) achieved target temperatures fastest, warming albumin to 36.9°C and PRBCs to 34.5°C within 60 seconds.
    • This method was significantly faster (P < 0.001) than all other techniques.
    • After 15 minutes, Group II (water bath) reached 35.5°C (albumin) and 33.4°C (PRBCs), Group III (blanket) reached 33.7°C and 32.8°C, and Group IV (towels) reached only 29.5°C and 23.3°C, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • A fluid warmer with temperature-controlled coaxial tubing is the most rapid method for warming small volumes of intravenous fluids.
    • Slower warming rates were observed with methods involving syringes placed in environmental conditions like water baths, warming blankets, or towels.
    • The choice of warming method significantly impacts the speed at which fluids reach safe temperatures for neonatal administration.