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Feed bunk length requirements for Holstein dairy heifers.
J I Longenbach1, A J Heinrichs, R E Graves
1Department of Dairy and Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
Journal of Dairy Science
|February 18, 1999
Summary
Heifer growth and feeding behavior indicate specific feed bunk lengths are needed based on age. Rapidly growing heifers require 15 cm at 4-8 months, 31 cm at 11.5-15.5 months, and 47 cm at 17-21 months.
Area of Science:
- Animal Science
- Ruminant Nutrition
- Livestock Management
Background:
- Optimizing feed bunk space is crucial for managing group-housed heifers.
- Understanding heifer feeding behavior is key to ensuring adequate nutrient intake and growth.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the optimal feed bunk length per heifer.
- To evaluate the impact of varying feed bunk sizes on heifer feeding behavior and growth.
Main Methods:
- Three 16-week experiments were conducted with heifers in three age categories.
- Feed bunk lengths per heifer varied (15, 31, or 47 cm) across experiments.
- Growth performance and feeding behaviors (eating bouts, meal duration) were monitored.
Main Results:
- Uniform growth rates were observed across all feed bunk lengths in Experiment 1.
- Increased variation in live weight gain was noted with smaller bunk lengths (15 cm) in Experiments 2 and 3.
- Significant differences in feeding behavior (number of bouts, meal duration) were observed across bunk lengths.
Conclusions:
- Rapidly growing heifers require specific feed bunk lengths based on age: 15 cm (4-8 mo), 31 cm (11.5-15.5 mo), and 47 cm (17-21 mo).
- These recommendations apply to heifers fed high-quality total mixed rations in group housing systems.