Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 16, 2026
16:30
Application of Light-cured Dental Adhesive Resin for Mounting Electrodes or Microdialysis Probes in Chronic Experiments
Published on: July 30, 2007
Bracket bonding with 15- or 60-second etching and adhesive remaining on enamel after debonding
R Osorio1, M Toledano, F Garcia-Godoy
1Department of Biomaterials, University of Granada, Spain. rosorio@platon.ugr.es
The Angle Orthodontist
|February 18, 1999
Summary
Longer enamel etching times (60 seconds) significantly increase bracket shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index compared to shorter times (15 seconds). This suggests optimal etching duration is crucial for orthodontic bracket adhesion.
Area of Science:
- Dental materials science
- Orthodontic research
- Surface analysis
Background:
- Orthodontic bracket bonding relies on effective enamel etching.
- Phosphoric acid etching creates surface irregularities for mechanical retention.
- Optimizing etch time is critical for bond strength and minimizing enamel damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets on enamel etched for 15 vs. 60 seconds.
- To assess the correlation between etch time and residual adhesive post-debonding.
- To evaluate enamel surface morphology changes after different etching durations.
Main Methods:
- Sixty human premolars were divided into two groups: 15-second and 60-second etching with 37% phosphoric acid.
- Mini-Taurus brackets were bonded using Mono-Lok2 system.
- Shear bond strength was measured, and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was assessed.
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzed enamel morphology.
Main Results:
- Enamel etched for 60 seconds exhibited significantly greater shear bond strength (p=0.016).
- Longer etching time resulted in a significantly higher amount of residual adhesive (p=0.001).
- SEM revealed less retentive enamel surfaces with shorter etching times and decreased absolute enamel loss.
Conclusions:
- A 60-second enamel etching time provides superior shear bond strength for orthodontic brackets compared to 15 seconds.
- Longer etching duration enhances adhesive retention on the enamel surface.
- Optimizing phosphoric acid etching time is essential for predictable orthodontic bracket bonding outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:02Long-patch Base Excision Repair
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
01:19Masking and Demasking Agents
EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on the metal...
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on the metal...
01:12Bonding and Strength of Aggregate
The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...