Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 27, 2026

19:53
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Custom-made rhytidoplasty
1Plastic Surgery Section, University Hospital, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
|February 18, 1999
Abstract:
The necessity to provide a particular surgical plan for each patient who seeks surgery for facial rejuvenation is stressed in this paper. The constant evolution of surgical procedures for rhytidoplasty have introduced several new procedures to attain the same goal. The pitfalls of using the same technique for each patient and also the utilization of very extensive procedures are discussed.

