Concepts for the third generation of laboratory systems

Area of Science:

• Laboratory Medicine
• Automation and Robotics
• Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

• Laboratory systems have evolved significantly, with third-generation systems emerging around 1990.
• These advanced systems automate pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical laboratory workflow steps.
• Automation aims to reduce "3 D tasks" (dull, dirty, dangerous) and allow personnel to focus on higher-value activities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the history and recent concepts of laboratory automation systems.
• To define and explain the key concepts of consolidation and integration in third-generation systems.
• To provide practical examples and recommendations for laboratory automation planning.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical developments in laboratory automation.
• Definition and explanation of "consolidation" (combining analytical technologies) and "integration" (linking instruments and devices).
• Discussion of new components like robots and conveyor belts, and automation strategies such as primary tube sorting and secondary sample use.

Main Results:

• 800-900 third-generation laboratory automation systems are installed worldwide, with Japan having over 60%.
• Hematology automation is most common; clinical chemistry, immunochemistry, coagulation, and urinalysis automation represent about one-third of installations.
• Future growth is expected in the West, with Japan's market saturation likely to decrease its share.

Conclusions:

• Third-generation laboratory automation, characterized by consolidation and integration, significantly enhances workflow efficiency.
• New technologies and strategies offer attractive options for laboratory automation planning.
• Recommendations emphasize site visits, video documentation, and computer simulations for effective automation planning.