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Post-shift changes in pulmonary function in a cement factory in eastern Saudi Arabia.

B A Ali¹, S G Ballal, A A Albar

¹Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England)

|February 20, 1999

Summary

Cement dust exposure significantly reduces lung function in workers, causing post-shift declines in FEV1 and FVC. This suggests acute exposure irritates airways, potentially leading to bronchoconstriction.

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Area of Science:

Occupational Health
Environmental Medicine
Respiratory Physiology

Background:

Occupational exposure to respirable dust in cement factories poses a significant health risk.
Previous studies have indicated potential respiratory effects of cement dust exposure.
Understanding the acute impact of cement dust on lung function is crucial for worker safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the acute effects of cement dust exposure on lung function in cement production workers.
To determine the relationship between cement dust exposure levels and changes in spirometric parameters.
To assess the role of smoking as a confounding factor in cement dust-related respiratory effects.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study conducted in a cement factory in Eastern Saudi Arabia.
Spirometry performed on 149 cement workers and 348 controls to measure FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC%, and FEF25-75%.
Respirable dust levels were assessed and compared against ACGIH guidelines.

Main Results:

Respirable dust levels exceeded recommended ACGIH limits across all factory sections.
Exposed cement workers showed significantly greater post-shift reductions in FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, and FEF25-75% compared to controls.
Multiple regression analysis confirmed a significant association between cement dust exposure and post-shift lung function changes, independent of smoking status.

Conclusions:

Acute exposure to cement dust can lead to significant, measurable reductions in lung function.
The findings suggest an irritant effect of cement dust on the airways, potentially causing bronchoconstriction.
Occupational health interventions are necessary to mitigate the respiratory risks associated with cement dust exposure.