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Smoking and mental health: results from a community survey
A F Jorm1, B Rodgers, P A Jacomb
1NHMRC Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT. Anthony.Jorm@anu.edu.au
Objective:
To assess the relationship of smoking with depression and anxiety symptoms and with risk factors for depression.
Design And Setting:
A community survey conducted in Canberra in 1997.
Participants:
2725 persons aged 18-79 sampled from the electoral roll.
Main Outcome Measures:
Smoking was investigated in relation to psychiatric symptoms (anxiety, depression, alcohol misuse), sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, education, occupational status), social stressors (divorce, unemployment, financial difficulties, negative life events, childhood adversity), personality (extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism), and social support (family and friends).
Results:
Smokers had more depression and anxiety symptoms, more stressors and lower socioeconomic status compared with non-smokers. The association between smoking and psychiatric symptoms persisted even when stressors, socioeconomic characteristics and other factors were statistically controlled.
Conclusions:
Smoking is associated with poorer mental health. In helping patients to give up smoking, doctors need to be aware that some may have underlying mental health problems that require attention.