In-hospital smoking cessation programs: who responds, who doesn't?

Area of Science:

• Clinical Medicine
• Psychology
• Public Health

Background:

• Smoking cessation interventions are crucial for hospitalized patients.
• Previous research established the efficacy of a multicomponent in-hospital intervention.
• Understanding patient subgroups can optimize cessation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and characterize subgroups of hospitalized smokers based on their response to a multicomponent cessation intervention.
• To explore factors influencing varying degrees of intervention responsiveness.

Main Methods:

• Utilized signal detection analysis on data from a large randomized clinical trial.
• Examined patient subgroups based on baseline confidence, age, mood, addiction, and alcohol intake.

Main Results:

• Identified six distinct subgroups with varying intervention responsiveness.
• The most responsive subgroup had 100% baseline confidence to quit.
• Five additional subgroups were identified based on interactions between confidence and other biopsychosocial factors.

Conclusions:

• Personalized smoking cessation treatment for hospitalized patients can be improved by identifying specific subgroups.
• Biopsychosocial factors play a significant role in predicting successful long-term smoking cessation.
• Further research into these underlying processes can refine clinical decision-making for diverse smoker populations.