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From individuals to aggregations: the interplay between behavior and physics.

G Flierl1, D Grünbaum, S Levins

  • 1Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|February 26, 1999
PubMed
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Organism grouping is influenced by social and environmental factors. Turbulent flows can surprisingly enhance group formation by increasing encounters, but this effect diminishes in strong currents.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • Organism grouping is crucial for survival and reproduction.
  • Environmental factors like water flow can significantly impact group dynamics.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to predicting population distributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how social and environmental forces, particularly turbulent flows, influence organism grouping.
  • To model the interplay between individual behavior, social forces, and fluid dynamics.
  • To explore the transition from individual-based models to continuum models for organism density.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized individual-based models (IBMs) to simulate grouping behaviors.
  • Embedded IBMs within turbulent flow fields to study fluid transport effects.

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  • Developed and compared continuum models derived from IBMs.
  • Analyzed group statistics and developed equations for group-size distribution dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • Turbulent flows, contrary to expectations, often enhance grouping by increasing encounter rates and promoting mergers.
    • The positive effect of flow on grouping breaks down under very strong flow conditions.
    • Individual-based models and derived continuum models show favorable agreement.
    • Successfully modeled the spatial and temporal variations of group-size distribution.

    Conclusions:

    • Fluid dynamics play a complex role in organism grouping, with moderate turbulence promoting aggregation.
    • The developed modeling framework allows for the integration of grouping effects into large-scale ecological models.
    • This research provides a foundation for studying the evolutionary implications of group formation in aquatic environments.