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Birth trauma in the head and neck.

C A Hughes1, E H Harley, G Milmoe

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.

Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery
|February 26, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Birth-associated head and neck trauma is uncommon but requires consideration for infant anomalies and difficulties. Mechanical birth injuries can cause various head and neck issues in newborns, necessitating a thorough diagnostic and management approach.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Birth-associated trauma to the head and neck region in neonates can lead to various complications.
  • Understanding the incidence, types, and risk factors of these injuries is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review medical records of neonates with birth-associated head and neck trauma.
  • To describe injury patterns, physical findings, and potential sequelae.
  • To highlight mechanical birth injury as a cause of infant anomalies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of neonates with head and neck birth trauma (1991-1997).
  • Inclusion of a control group of 148 uninjured full-term infants.
  • Analysis of neonatal charts, including labor and delivery records.

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Main Results:

  • 164 infants identified with 175 head and neck injuries (incidence 0.82%).
  • Most common injury: cephalhematoma (56.6%). Other injuries included lacerations, hematomas, nerve palsies, and fractures.
  • Risk factors: high birth weight, vaginal/forceps/vacuum delivery, primiparity, large-for-gestational-age infants, and male sex.

Conclusions:

  • Birth-associated head and neck trauma is rare but significant.
  • Mechanical birth trauma should be considered in neonates with anomalies or difficulties.
  • A comprehensive approach is essential for diagnosis and management.