Necropsy findings in childhood leukaemia, emphasizing neutropenic enterocolitis and cerebral calcification

In 50 necropsies on leukaemic children, the major cause of death was infection. In patients dying during therapy for induction or reinduction of remission, the most frequent infection was a distinctive neutropenic enterocolitis or typhlitis. This was seen in 46% of the whole series and was a major factor in the death in 38%. Other infections were predominantly bacterial pneumonia in patients in relapse, and viral disease, e.g. measles pneumonia, in those in remission. One patient treated for meningeal leukaemia showed an unusual linear calcification of the cortical grey matter.