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Related Experiment Videos

Macaques but not lemurs co-orient visually with humans.

J R Anderson1, R W Mitchell

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, UK. jranderson@stirling.ac.uk

Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology
|March 2, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Macaques demonstrated visual co-orientation (VCO), looking where others look, while lemurs did not. This finding offers insights into the evolution of social cognition and shared attention in primates.

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Area of Science:

  • Primate behavior
  • Comparative cognition
  • Evolutionary psychology

Background:

  • Naturalistic observations suggest primates can engage in visual co-orientation (VCO).
  • Experimental data comparing species' propensity for VCO is limited.
  • VCO is a foundational skill for advanced social cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally compare the propensity for visual co-orientation (VCO) in lemurs and macaques.
  • To investigate species-specific differences in gaze following behavior.
  • To explore the evolutionary basis of shared attention.

Main Methods:

  • Lemurs (Eulemur macaco) and macaques (Macaca arctoides) were tested for VCO.
  • VCO was defined as turning to look in the same direction as another individual whose focus of attention changes.

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  • Behavioral responses were recorded and analyzed for species differences.

    • Main Results:

    • Macaques consistently exhibited visual co-orientation (VCO).
    • Lemurs did not show a significant response indicative of VCO.
    • A clear species difference in VCO propensity was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Macaques possess a greater propensity for visual co-orientation than lemurs.
    • This species difference has implications for understanding the evolution of shared visual attention.
    • Findings contribute to the study of primate social cognition and theory of mind development.