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Comparative toxicology of borates.

S A Hubbard1

  • 1Borax Europe Limited, Guildford, UK.

Biological Trace Element Research
|March 2, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Inorganic borates like boric acid show low acute toxicity and are generally mild irritants. Critical effects like male reproductive toxicity occur at doses far exceeding human exposure levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Environmental Health
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Inorganic borates, including boric acid and its salts, are widely used.
  • Understanding their toxicological profile is crucial for risk assessment.
  • Previous studies have focused on boric acid and borax, necessitating a broader review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the toxicological properties of various inorganic borates.
  • To compare the toxicity of different borates on an equivalent boron basis.
  • To assess potential risks to human health from borate exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing toxicological data on inorganic borates.
  • Analysis of acute and chronic toxicity studies (oral, dermal, inhalation).
  • Evaluation of irritation potential and specific target organ toxicity, particularly reproductive and developmental effects.

Main Results:

  • Most inorganic borates exhibit low acute toxicity and are mild skin/eye irritants.
  • Male reproductive and developmental toxicity are critical effects in animal studies.
  • Observed adverse effect levels are significantly higher than typical human exposure scenarios.
  • No adverse fertility effects were observed in occupationally or environmentally exposed human populations.

Conclusions:

  • Inorganic borates generally possess a low toxicity profile.
  • Observed reproductive and developmental risks are unlikely at realistic human exposure levels.
  • Borates dissociating to boric acid share similar toxicological properties; others may differ.

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