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Complementary measures for promoting insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle.

M F McCarty1

  • 1Nutrition 21, San Diego, CA 92109, USA.

Medical Hypotheses
|March 3, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Excessive free fatty acids (FFAs) contribute to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Interventions targeting FFAs, protein kinase C (PKC), and insulin receptor expression offer promising strategies for type II diabetes prevention and therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is central to type II diabetes.
  • Excessive free fatty acids (FFAs) and their metabolites are implicated in inducing insulin resistance.
  • Protein kinase C (PKC) activation by diacylglycerol may mediate FFA-induced insulin resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore therapeutic strategies for improving skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which various agents impact insulin resistance.
  • To evaluate the potential for preventing and treating type II diabetes through combined interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the role of diacylglycerol and PKC in FFA-induced insulin resistance.
  • Examined the effects of Vitamin E, fish oil omega-3s, thiazolidinediones, and chromium picolinate on insulin signaling.

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  • Considered the impact of lifestyle modifications (weight loss, diet, exercise) on FFA exposure and insulin sensitivity.

    • Main Results:

    • Vitamin E and omega-3s may reduce diacylglycerol levels, improving insulin sensitivity.
    • Thiazolidinediones may counteract PKC-mediated downregulation of insulin function.
    • Chromium picolinate may enhance insulin receptor expression.
    • Lifestyle changes complement pharmacological interventions.

    Conclusions:

    • Combined interventions, including lifestyle modifications and targeted therapies, can enhance insulin receptor function and sensitivity.
    • These safe and well-tolerated strategies hold potential for type II diabetes prevention and management.
    • Metformin and sulfonylureas can address persistent glycemic control issues, potentially obviating the need for injectable insulin.