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Hypersensitivity to carboplatin in children.
A Schiavetti1, G Varrasso, P Maurizi
1Department of Pediatrics, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
Medical and Pediatric Oncology
|March 4, 1999
Summary
Hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin are a significant risk in pediatric cancer patients. The likelihood of allergic responses increases substantially with cumulative drug exposure, reaching 47% after more than 12 courses.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Pediatric Medicine
Background:
- Hypersensitivity reactions to cytostatic drugs are uncommon but can be severe.
- Carboplatin is a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent in pediatric oncology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the incidence and clinical features of allergic reactions to carboplatin in children with solid tumors.
- To determine the cumulative risk of hypersensitivity reactions based on the number of carboplatin treatment courses.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 185 children treated with etoposide-carboplatin chemotherapy.
- Exclusion of immediate reactions to etoposide to isolate carboplatin-specific hypersensitivity.
Main Results:
- 17 out of 185 patients (9.2%) experienced allergic reactions to carboplatin.
- The first reaction occurred after a median of 9 carboplatin courses.
- The cumulative risk of reaction was 2% at 6 courses, 11.3% at 12 courses, and 47% after more than 12 courses.
Conclusions:
- A significant cumulative risk of hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin exists, particularly with prolonged treatment.
- Treatment regimens incorporating multiple carboplatin courses must consider this escalating risk.
- Close monitoring for allergic responses is crucial in pediatric patients receiving extended carboplatin therapy.