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Related Experiment Videos

Cryptococcosis in children with AIDS.

J Abadi1, S Nachman, A B Kressel

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|March 4, 1999
PubMed
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Cryptococcus neoformans infections in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are similar to adults. This study estimated a 1% prevalence of cryptococcosis in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology
  • Immunocompromised Hosts

Background:

  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen.
  • Infections are a significant concern in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Pediatric data on cryptococcosis, particularly in the context of HIV, is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical and immunologic features of Cryptococcus neoformans infections in HIV-infected children.
  • To estimate the prevalence of cryptococcosis in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series analysis.
  • Inclusion criteria: patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis between 1985 and 1996.
  • Data collected: clinical presentation, immunologic status (CD4+ cell count), and diagnostic methods (culture, antigen testing).

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Main Results:

  • Thirty cases of cryptococcosis were identified in HIV-infected children.
  • Median age was 9.8 years with a median CD4+ cell count of 54/microL.
  • 63% of cases occurred in vertically HIV-infected children aged 6-12 years; clinical/lab features mirrored adult cryptococcosis.
  • Estimated 10-year point prevalence of cryptococcosis among children with AIDS was approximately 1%.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric HIV-associated cryptococcosis shares clinical and laboratory similarities with adult cases.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering cryptococcosis in immunocompromised children.
  • A 1% prevalence suggests cryptococcosis is a notable opportunistic infection in this pediatric population.