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Estrogen, DNA damage and mutations.

D Roy1, J G Liehr

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

Mutation Research
|March 5, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Estrogens cause DNA damage and mutations, leading to tumors, challenging their nonmutagenic classification. This review details estrogen-induced DNA, chromosomal, and gene damage, revealing their carcinogenic potential.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Toxicology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Estrogens are classified as nonmutagenic despite causing tumors in rodents.
  • Classical mutation assays fail to detect all types of estrogen-induced genetic damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the various types of DNA, chromosomal, and gene damage induced by estrogens.
  • To re-evaluate the mutagenic potential of estrogens in light of new evidence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on estrogen-induced genotoxicity.
  • Analysis of DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations, and gene mutations.
  • Examination of estrogen metabolism and reactive intermediates.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Estrogens induce direct DNA adducts via quinone metabolites.
  • Estrogen exposure enhances endogenous DNA adducts and generates free radicals causing DNA strand breaks and base modifications.
  • Estrogens cause numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations.
  • Estrogens induce gene mutations and microsatellite instability in critical genes, including DNA polymerase beta.

    • Conclusions:

    • Estrogens are complete carcinogens, initiating tumors through mutations in critical genes.
    • Hormonal effects of estrogens contribute to tumor development.
    • Estrogens possess mutagenic potential beyond classical assay detection limits.