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[Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children]
1Afd. Kinder Intensive Care, Academisch Ziekenhuis Rotterdam-Sophia Kinderziekenhuis.
Insights
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in children involves upper airway obstruction during sleep, often linked to anatomical or genetic factors. Treatment includes surgery or positive pressure therapy, though long-term outcomes remain unclear.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Sleep Medicine
- Genetics
Context:
- Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a significant condition in children.
- It stems from upper respiratory tract obstruction during sleep.
- Risk factors include anatomical anomalies, neurological issues, and genetic syndromes.
Purpose:
- To define obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in children.
- To outline its multifactorial pathogenesis and risk groups.
- To discuss diagnostic methods and current treatments.
Summary:
- OSAS in children presents with snoring and impaired sleep respiration, particularly in partial obstructions.
- Polysomnography is key for diagnosis, with age-specific interpretation of results.
- Adenotonsillectomy is the primary treatment, with continuous positive pressure therapy for persistent cases.
Impact:
- Highlights the need for further research into the natural evolution and long-term prognosis of pediatric OSAS.
- Informs clinical practice regarding diagnosis and management of childhood sleep-disordered breathing.
- Emphasizes the multifactorial nature and varied presentation of OSAS in pediatric populations.
Abstract:
The obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in children is a clinical syndrome resulting from complete or partial obstruction of the upper respiratory tract during sleep. The pathogenesis is multifactorial; clear risk groups are children with anatomical anomalies of the upper airways, neurological abnormalities and genetic syndromes (including craniofacial syndromes). The clinical symptoms of OSAS in children vary. In partial obstructions, the most frequent forms, the patients may snore and have impaired respiration during sleep. Polysomnography contributes to definite confirmation and specification of the clinical diagnosis. Standard values should be interpreted with respect to age. Adenotonsillectomy is the most frequent treatment of children with OSAS. In persistent symptoms, continuous positive pressure therapy is often successful. The natural evolution and the long-term prognosis of OSAS in children are still unknown.