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Related Experiment Videos

Oral vaccination with immune stimulating complexes.

A M Mowat1, R E Smith, A M Donachie

  • 1Department of Immunology, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Scotland, UK. a.m.mowat@clinmed.gla.ac.uk

Immunology Letters
|March 5, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Lipophilic immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMS) with Quil A adjuvant effectively induce robust systemic and local immune responses against orally administered antigens. These non-living adjuvant vectors show promise for developing new vaccines, particularly when combined with other mucosal adjuvants.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Adjuvant research

Background:

  • Need for non-living adjuvant vectors for oral antigen delivery.
  • Existing challenges in inducing comprehensive immune responses to oral vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate lipophilic immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMS) containing Quil A as an adjuvant for oral antigen administration.
  • To characterize the immune responses induced by ISCOMS.

Main Methods:

  • Oral administration of ISCOMS with ovalbumin (OVA) antigen in a mouse model.
  • Analysis of systemic immune responses (Th1/Th2, cytotoxic T-cells, IgA).
  • Investigation of innate immune cell activation and cytokine production (NO, ROI, ILs, gammaIFN) following ISCOMS injection.
  • Assessment of immune responses in knockout mice lacking specific immune factors (IL12, IL4, IL6, iNOS, gammaIFN receptor).

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Main Results:

  • Oral ISCOMS induced Th1/Th2 CD4-dependent activity, class I MHC-restricted cytotoxic T-cell responses, and secretory IgA.
  • ISCOMS enhanced antigen uptake in the gut.
  • Intraperitoneal ISCOMS activated innate immune cells and increased production of NO, ROI, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and gammaIFN.
  • IL-12 was essential for ISCOMS immunogenicity in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • ISCOMS are effective non-living adjuvant vectors for inducing broad immune responses to oral antigens.
  • ISCOMS may function by targeting antigens and adjuvants to macrophages and dendritic cells.
  • This adjuvant system holds potential for vaccine development, possibly in combination with other mucosal adjuvants like cholera toxin.