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Related Experiment Videos

Multiple antibiotic resistance and efflux.

H Nikaido1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 229 Stanley Hall, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720-3206, USA. nhiroshi@uclink4.berkeley.edu.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|March 6, 1999
PubMed
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Multidrug resistance in bacteria is often caused by efflux pumps, not just multiple genes. Advanced antibiotics may inadvertently promote resistance by selecting for these wide-specificity pumps.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Historically, multiple antibiotic resistance was attributed solely to accumulating individual resistance genes.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the significant role of drug efflux pumps in conferring multidrug resistance phenotypes.
  • Certain efflux pumps possess broad substrate specificity, affecting a wide range of compounds including antibiotics and detergents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which bacteria acquire multidrug resistance.
  • To investigate the role and specificity of bacterial efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance.
  • To understand the implications of advanced antibiotic usage on the selection of multidrug-resistant strains.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of bacterial resistance mechanisms.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Characterization of efflux pump activity and substrate specificity.
  • Investigating the interaction between efflux pumps and bacterial cell envelopes, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria.

    • Main Results:

    • Efflux pumps are a major mechanism for multidrug resistance in bacteria.
    • Some efflux pumps exhibit broad specificity, extruding diverse inhibitory compounds.
    • Gram-negative bacteria efficiently utilize efflux pumps due to their outer membrane structure.
    • Advanced antibiotics, ineffective against common resistance, can select for strains overproducing these broad-specificity efflux pumps.

    Conclusions:

    • Efflux pumps are critical mediators of multidrug resistance, often overlooked in initial assessments.
    • The broad specificity of certain efflux pumps poses a significant challenge to antimicrobial therapy.
    • The use of advanced antibiotics may paradoxically drive the evolution and proliferation of multidrug-resistant bacteria via efflux pump selection.