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Related Concept Videos

Bile01:19

Bile

Bile is a crucial bodily fluid, characterized by its yellow-green color and alkaline nature. Produced in the liver, it is transported through the common hepatic duct into either the cystic duct, leading to the gallbladder, or directly into the common bile duct. The flow of bile is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi located at the entrance of the duodenum. When this sphincter is closed, bile is redirected to the gallbladder for storage and concentration.
Bile is released when dietary fats enter...
Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins the common...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
Ascites01:19

Ascites

DefinitionAscites is the buildup of fluid inside the peritoneal cavity. It occurs when fluid moves out of the vascular system faster than the peritoneal lymphatics can remove it. This fluid shift is most commonly seen in liver cirrhosis but can also appear in several other systemic disorders.EtiologyCirrhosis remains the leading cause of ascites. Other conditions that can contribute include:Heart failureConstrictive pericarditisAbdominal cancersNephrotic syndromeSevere protein–calorie...
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
08:56

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

Published on: February 10, 2015

Biliary sludge.

C W Ko1, J H Sekijima, S P Lee

  • 1University of Washington and Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle 98195, USA.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|March 6, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biliary sludge, a mix of bile and precipitated solutes, can resolve, persist, or progress to gallstones. Microscopic diagnosis is proposed for this condition, with expectant management for asymptomatic cases.

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Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Followed by Primary Suture Using a Modified Bile Duct Incision
05:36

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Followed by Primary Suture Using a Modified Bile Duct Incision

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Hepatology
  • Biliary System Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Biliary sludge, a mixture of bile and precipitated solutes, was first identified in the 1970s.
  • Common components include cholesterol monohydrate crystals and calcium salts.
  • Its clinical course is variable, ranging from resolution to gallstone formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define biliary sludge and its composition.
  • To outline clinical associations and potential complications.
  • To propose a protocol for microscopic diagnosis and discuss management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on biliary sludge.
  • Description of diagnostic methods including ultrasonography and bile microscopy.
  • Proposal of a protocol for microscopic sludge diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Biliary sludge composition varies but commonly includes crystals and calcium salts.
  • Associated conditions include rapid weight loss, pregnancy, and certain therapies.
  • Complications may include biliary colic, pancreatitis, and cholecystitis.

Conclusions:

  • Asymptomatic biliary sludge requires expectant management.
  • Symptomatic patients or those with complications may require cholecystectomy.
  • Further research into pathogenesis and natural history is needed.