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Liver disease in pregnancy.

C M Hunt1, A I Sharara

  • 1Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

American Family Physician
|March 9, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy can complicate liver conditions, increasing risks for jaundice and fetal loss. However, many liver diseases in pregnancy have safe treatments, and some infections can be prevented with vaccination.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Obstetrics
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Acute viral hepatitis is a common cause of jaundice during pregnancy.
  • Pregnancy generally does not alter the course of acute hepatitis, with exceptions like hepatitis E and herpes simplex virus infections.
  • Chronic hepatitis B or C can be transmitted to newborns, but hepatitis B transmission is preventable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of various liver diseases on pregnancy outcomes.
  • To discuss management strategies for liver conditions during pregnancy.
  • To highlight risks and preventive measures for maternal and fetal health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hepatic conditions in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of maternal and fetal mortality rates associated with liver diseases.
  • Summary of treatment protocols for liver diseases during gestation.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis E and disseminated herpes simplex infections significantly increase maternal and fetal mortality.
  • Hepatitis B virus transmission to neonates can be prevented by vaccination and immune globulin prophylaxis.
  • Cholelithiasis complications can be managed surgically; chronic liver disease increases fetal loss risk.
  • Preeclampsia-associated liver conditions like HELLP syndrome require prompt delivery for reversal.

Conclusions:

  • While some liver diseases pose significant risks, many can be managed safely during pregnancy.
  • Preventive measures and timely interventions are crucial for improving outcomes in pregnant patients with liver conditions.
  • Therapies for chronic liver disease can often be safely continued throughout pregnancy.

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