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Refractive changes in the elderly.

B Bengtsson1, K Grødum

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden.

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica
|March 10, 1999
PubMed
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A true age-related hyperopic shift occurs between ages 55 and 70. However, a persistent secular trend towards myopia may be more significant long-term for refractive error changes.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Gerontology
  • Population Health

Background:

  • Cross-sectional studies indicate younger individuals are less hyperopic than older individuals.
  • The cause of this difference remains unclear: generational myopic shift or age-related changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate cohort phenomena and age-related refractive changes in elderly populations.
  • Differentiate between generational shifts and true age-related refractive changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from three population surveys in southern Sweden.
  • Compared refractions in individuals aged 65-74 across studies, controlling for cycloplegic use.
  • Conducted a longitudinal study of over 1000 individuals followed for 8+ years.

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Main Results:

  • Observed an apparent myopic shift of 0.6 D per decade in cross-sectional surveys.
  • Identified a limited generational myopic shift of 0.25 D over 25 years.
  • Confirmed a true age-related hyperopic shift between ages 55 and 70 via longitudinal data.

Conclusions:

  • A genuine age-related hyperopic shift exists between 55 and 70 years.
  • This age-related shift is crucial for spectacle prescription and refractive surgery.
  • A long-term secular trend towards myopia may have greater future implications.