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Changes in insulin sensitivity, secretion and glucose effectiveness during menstrual cycle.

J M Escalante Pulido1, M Alpizar Salazar

  • 1Departamento Clínico de Endocrinología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.

Archives of Medical Research
|March 11, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Insulin sensitivity in women significantly decreases during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle compared to the follicular phase. This hormonal fluctuation impacts glucose homeostasis and should be considered in diabetes research.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Sex steroids are known to influence glucose homeostasis in women, but research findings have been inconsistent.
  • Understanding these hormonal effects is crucial for interpreting metabolic studies in women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, and acute insulin response.
  • To establish a baseline for comparison in studies involving women's metabolic health.

Main Methods:

  • 12 healthy, regularly menstruating women with normal BMI and fasting glucose were recruited.
  • The tolbutamide-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was used to assess metabolic parameters.
  • Measurements were taken during the follicular (day 8) and luteal (day 23) phases of the menstrual cycle.

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Main Results:

  • Insulin sensitivity (Si) significantly decreased from the follicular phase (5.03) to the luteal phase (2.22) (p < 0.001).
  • Glucose effectiveness (Sg) remained unchanged between the follicular (0.0229) and luteal (0.0225) phases (p = NS).
  • Acute insulin response (AIRg) showed a non-significant adaptive increase in the luteal phase (304.4) compared to the follicular phase (276.4) (p = NS).

Conclusions:

  • Insulin sensitivity exhibits significant variation throughout the normal menstrual cycle, decreasing in the luteal phase.
  • These cyclical changes in insulin sensitivity are important considerations for clinical conditions and epidemiological studies on insulin resistance.
  • Provides a reference for understanding metabolic variations in women.