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Age-related decrease in accessory cell function of human alveolar macrophages.

G Zissel1, M Schlaak, J Müller-Quernheim

  • 1Research Centre Borstel, Medical Hospital, Borstel, FRG.

Journal of Investigative Medicine : the Official Publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
|March 11, 1999
PubMed
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The accessory function of alveolar macrophages significantly declines with age, potentially increasing infection risk in older adults. Monocyte function remained unchanged.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The aging immune system's suboptimal function contributes to elderly morbidity and mortality.
  • Changes in monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, particularly their accessory function for T cell stimulation, are poorly understood and debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in the accessory function of monocytes and alveolar macrophages.
  • To correlate these changes with specific immune cell percentages in bronchoalveolar lavage.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed accessory function of peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and alveolar macrophages (AM).
  • Correlated accessory function with patient age.
  • Analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell percentages and cytokine release (TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-6) in vitro.

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Main Results:

  • A significant age-associated decrease in AM accessory function was observed (rs = -0.5, P < 0.006).
  • No significant change in PBM accessory function with age.
  • Decreased percentage of AM (rs = 0.3, P < 0.005) and increased lymphocytes (rs = 0.3, P < 0.02) in BAL with age.
  • Weak but significant negative correlation between TNF-alpha release and age in stimulated BAL cells (rs = -0.3, P < 0.02).

Conclusions:

  • Impaired accessory cell function of alveolar macrophages may increase the risk of pulmonary infections in the elderly.
  • Age-related alterations in BAL cell composition and function are evident.