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Related Concept Videos

Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

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Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53
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AP-1 transcription factors in yeast.

W M Toone1, N Jones

  • 1Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|March 11, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified new yeast AP-1 transcription factors crucial for stress response and survival against toxins. These findings enhance understanding of eukaryotic stress mechanisms and may impact mammalian AP-1 studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Recent completion of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome project.
  • Identification of numerous yeast AP-1 transcription factors.
  • AP-1 transcription factors are known to respond to extracellular stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize newly identified yeast AP-1 transcription factors.
  • To understand their role in cellular responses to stress.
  • To explore their regulation and implications for mammalian AP-1.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Molecular characterization of fungal transcription factors.
  • Gene expression analysis in response to stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a growing number of yeast AP-1 transcription factors.
  • Demonstration that these factors activate gene expression in response to stimuli.
  • Evidence that yeast AP-1 factors are essential for oxidative stress response and survival against cytotoxic agents.

Conclusions:

  • Yeast AP-1 transcription factors share functional similarities with mammalian counterparts.
  • These factors play a critical role in eukaryotic stress responses.
  • Further research on yeast AP-1 promises to advance the study of mammalian AP-1 and stress-related pathways.