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An inflammatory polypeptide complex from Staphylococcus epidermidis: isolation and characterization.

C Mehlin¹, C M Headley, S J Klebanoff

¹Department of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

|March 17, 1999

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Staphylococcus epidermidis releases phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) proteins that activate HIV-1 and induce cytokine release. These potent toxins may contribute to Gram-positive sepsis.

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Immunology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Staphylococcus epidermidis produces factors that modulate immune responses.
These factors activate the HIV-1 long terminal repeat and induce cytokine release in macrophages.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize the S. epidermidis factors responsible for immune activation.
To determine the structure and function of these bioactive molecules.

Main Methods:

Hot aqueous phenol extraction to isolate active material.
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for separation.
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and amino acid sequencing for structural determination.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

Identified phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) as the active material.
Characterized three distinct PSM components (PSM, PSM, PSM) with varying sizes.
Determined PSMs are hydrophobic polypeptides, with PSM identified as delta toxin.

Conclusions:

S. epidermidis PSMs are potent immune modulators.
PSMs may form complexes with enhanced activity.
These findings suggest a role for PSMs in the pathogenesis of Gram-positive sepsis.