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Epstein-Barr virus immortalization and latency.

D T Rowe1

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. rowe1+@pitt.edu

Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library
|March 17, 1999
PubMed
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalizes human B lymphocytes by expressing viral proteins to increase cell numbers. Latency, a distinct state, involves minimal viral gene expression in resting memory B cells.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects human B lymphocytes, a process studied for over 30 years.
  • Understanding EBV's interaction with B cells is crucial for diseases like lymphoproliferative disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on EBV's mechanisms of B cell immortalization and latency.
  • To differentiate between EBV-induced immortalization and latency states.
  • To clarify the roles of viral proteins in EBV pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro and in vivo studies on EBV infection.
  • Analysis of viral gene expression patterns (nuclear and membrane proteins).
  • Characterization of B cell subsets in latent EBV infection.

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Main Results:

  • EBV immortalization involves expression of six nuclear and two membrane proteins, promoting B cell proliferation.
  • Latency is characterized by minimal viral episomes and expression of Latent Membrane Protein 2 in resting memory B cells.
  • Two models are proposed for establishing EBV latency.

Conclusions:

  • Distinguishing between immortalization and latency is essential for understanding EBV's role in disease.
  • Many functions attributed to EBV latency may actually be features of immortalization.
  • Clarifying these distinctions aids in discussing EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases and tumors.