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A minimal mechanism for bacterial pattern formation.

R Tyson1, S R Lubkin, J D Murray

  • 1Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-2420, USA.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|March 19, 1999
PubMed
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Bacteria like Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium form complex patterns when fed tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. They secrete aspartate, attracting cells into regular, high-density aggregates and patterns.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biophysics
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • Bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium exhibit complex colony patterns.
  • These patterns are observed when bacteria are exposed to or metabolize tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates.
  • Bacterial response involves the secretion of aspartate, a chemoattractant, leading to aggregate formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms behind pattern formation in bacterial colonies.
  • To develop a mathematical model that explains the observed geometric patterns in E. coli and S. typhimurium.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of bacterial colony formation in liquid and semi-solid media.
  • Mathematical modeling to simulate and explain pattern generation.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Both E. coli and S. typhimurium form distinct patterns in response to TCA cycle intermediates.
  • Observed patterns include spots, concentric rings, interdigitated spots (sunflower spirals), radial spots, radial stripes, and chevrons.
  • A mathematical model was developed that successfully captures these three pattern-forming processes.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial colonies exhibit complex, geometrically organized patterns driven by metabolic cues and chemoattraction.
  • The developed mathematical model provides a unified explanation for diverse pattern formation in E. coli and S. typhimurium.
  • Aspartate secretion is a key factor in the aggregation and pattern development of these bacteria.