[The Oslo methadone project]

Of a total of 161 patients referred to a high threshold methadone project, 50 patients with an average age of 37 years and more than ten years of heroine use were included. Retention was 72% after three years, none had died by overdoses during methadone treatment, and criminality and prostitution were negligible. The overdose mortality was significantly reduced compared to those on waiting list while the difference in mortality from all causes was less convincing. Drug-taking continued for a considerable portion of the patients, and continued control and follow-up was necessary. Methadone cannot replace other types of treatment, but is a valuable contribution when such treatment is integrated in a comprehensive management. Active rehabilitation efforts are essential.