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Intravenous azithromycin.

K W Garey1, G W Amsden

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, NY 13326, USA.

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|March 20, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intravenous azithromycin, an azalide antibiotic, shows efficacy in treating community-acquired pneumonia and pelvic inflammatory disease. Its unique pharmacokinetics allow for once-daily dosing and monotherapy in many cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Microbiology
  • Clinical Therapeutics

Background:

  • Azithromycin, an azalide subclass of macrolide antibiotics, is now available in an intravenous formulation.
  • The intravenous form offers a broad spectrum of activity against common pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacology, microbiology, chemistry, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, tolerability, dosage, administration, and economic issues of intravenous azithromycin.
  • To assess the utility of intravenous azithromycin for specific infections where IV therapy is indicated.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE and other sources was conducted.
  • Data from in vitro, preclinical, and Phase II/III clinical trials were included.
  • Information was supplemented by manufacturer data due to limited published reports.

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Main Results:

  • Intravenous azithromycin is approved for community-acquired pneumonia and pelvic inflammatory disease.
  • It exhibits favorable pharmacokinetics, including high and sustained tissue penetration, enabling once-daily dosing.
  • Clinical and bacteriologic response rates and safety profiles are comparable or superior to other agents.

Conclusions:

  • Intravenous azithromycin presents advantages due to its unique pharmacokinetics, tissue penetration, and spectrum of activity.
  • It facilitates monotherapy and once-daily intravenous administration for mild-to-moderate community-acquired pneumonia or pelvic inflammatory disease.
  • Future research should investigate optimal total antibiotic therapy duration and the necessity of oral follow-up.