Biogenic amines in the brain of the honeybee: cellular distribution, development, and behavioral functions

This review provides a summary of the cellular distribution of amine-containing neurons and the organization of aminergic pathways in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of the honeybee. Neurons synthesizing the biogenic amines serotonin, dopamine, octopamine, and histamine are stained with well-defined polyclonal antisera. Since some of these aminergic neurons are uniquely identifiable, it is possible to follow their morphogenesis during brain development. Pharmacological studies show that aminergic mechanisms are involved in various behavioral modifications including associative learning. The immunocytochemical approach resolves at a single cell level the neural pathways that mediate adaptive behavioral changes.