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Related Experiment Videos

Intersegmental dynamics are controlled by sequential anticipatory, error correction, and postural mechanisms.

R L Sainburg1, C Ghez, D Kalakanis

  • 1School of Health Related Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, 14214, New York.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|March 23, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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This study reveals how the brain controls reaching movements by combining anticipatory commands and sensory feedback. Adaptation to new movement dynamics is direction-specific, highlighting the nervous system

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Coordinating rapid reaching movements involves complex intersegmental dynamics.
  • Both anticipatory (feedforward) and somatosensory feedback mechanisms contribute to motor control.
  • Understanding how the nervous system adapts to altered dynamics is crucial for rehabilitation and prosthetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms controlling intersegmental dynamics during reaching.
  • To determine the roles of anticipatory and somatosensory feedback in motor adaptation.
  • To examine if adaptation to novel dynamics generalizes across different movement directions.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments involving reaching movements on a horizontal plane using a frictionless air-jet system.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Altering forearm inertial load to manipulate interaction torques.
  • Subjects adapted to novel inertial loads, followed by 'surprise' trials with unexpected load changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Initial movement errors were predicted by open-loop simulations.
    • Feedback-mediated torque changes initially decreased accuracy but ensured return to the start position.
    • Adaptation to a novel inertial load in one direction showed limited generalization to other directions.

    Conclusions:

    • A three-stage control system (anticipatory, error correction, postural) governs intersegmental dynamics.
    • The nervous system recalibrates internal models of the musculoskeletal apparatus using sensory information.
    • Motor adaptation for reaching movements is largely direction-specific.