[Calcification of allogenic aortic heart valves]

The material used for the studies consisted of allogenic aortic valves (AAV) collected from 14 individuals. The necessity of AAV replacement arose from growing circulation insufficiency and AAV dysfunction. The aim the study was the determination of the elemental composition and crystallographic structure of the inorganic deposits in AAV. Moreover, the results of the physicochemical investigations were correlated with clinical data (age of the patient, time between valve replacement surgeries, endomyocarditis, number of infections during last 12 months, arterial hypertension and disturbance of the lipid balance) and with echocardiographic examinations (cusp mineralization and perforation, vegetation, systolic and diastolic dimensions of the left ventricle, maximal and average gradient through allograft valve as well as range of the recoil wave to left ventricle). It was found that mineralization of the AAV cusps was a time-dependent process and took place predominantly at the surface of the cusp. The elemental composition and crystallographic data revealed that the inorganic deposits in AAV were composed of hydroxyapatite crystals. However, the presence of other calcium salts was also found. The development of the mineralization process in AAV does not correlate with endomyocarditis, arterial hypertension and the disturbance of the lipid balance. Probably, endomyocarditis and arterial hypertension induce the pathologic alternations of AAV independently from the mineralization process. The echocardiographic estimations of the pathomorphologic changes of the aortic valve cups are not always consistent with the results of the physicochemical studies.