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Related Experiment Videos

Press-fit acetabular cup fixation: principles and testing.

W Macdonald1, L V Carlsson, G J Charnley

  • 1Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, University of Göteborg, Sweden.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine
|March 24, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Pre-clinical hip implant fixation testing using polyurethane foam and glass-fibre reinforced epoxide models showed trends consistent with cadaver bone. These bone analogues help predict the in vivo performance of press-fit acetabular components.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Pre-clinical evaluation of press-fit acetabular components for total hip prostheses often uses cadaver or synthetic bone models.
  • Existing bone models may not accurately replicate the properties and geometry of physiological bone, potentially affecting fixation testing.
  • Different acetabular cup designs employ varied mechanisms for initial stability, necessitating diverse testing analogues and methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the fixation stability of press-fit acetabular components using different bone analogues and testing methods.
  • To compare the performance of commercial acetabular cups (Harris-Galante II, Optifix, PCA) and an experimental cup with enhanced rim fixation.
  • To determine if polyurethane foam and glass-fibre reinforced epoxide models can accurately predict fixation stability compared to cadaveric acetabula.

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Main Methods:

  • Press-fit cup stability was tested in polyurethane (PU) foam, glass-fibre reinforced epoxide (GFRE) tubes, and cadaveric acetabula.
  • Three commercial cups and one experimental cup were subjected to direct pull-out, lever-out, and axial torque tests.
  • Statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey's test) was used to compare fixation stabilities.

Main Results:

  • Fixation stabilities in PU foam and GFRE models exhibited trends consistent with cadaver bone, though influenced by oversizing and cup geometry.
  • The experimental cup demonstrated significantly greater security in most testing modes compared to the commercial cups.
  • Harris-Galante II and Optifix cups showed similar stabilities, outperforming the PCA cup but not the experimental cup (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • The use of multiple bone analogues, including PU foam and GFRE, allows for the separation of fixation mechanisms.
  • Fixation stabilities measured in GFRE models closely approximated those observed in cadaver bone.
  • Employing various bone analogues can lead to more accurate predictions of in vivo performance for press-fit acetabular components.