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Leukocyte subsets and neutrophil function after short-term spaceflight.

R P Stowe1, C F Sams, S K Mehta

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|March 24, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Spaceflight alters immune cell function, increasing neutrophils and impairing their ability to move towards targets. These changes in neutrophil function and cell adhesion may impact astronaut health on long missions.

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Area of Science:

  • Space medicine
  • Immunology
  • Human physiology

Background:

  • Spaceflight is known to cause changes in leukocyte subpopulations and function.
  • The underlying mechanisms driving these immune alterations during spaceflight remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of short-term spaceflight on circulating leukocyte subsets.
  • To assess changes in stress hormones, immunoglobulin levels, and neutrophil function post-flight.
  • To explore potential clinical significance for long-duration space missions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of leukocyte subsets, plasma immunoglobulins, and stress hormones (cortisol, ACTH, epinephrine, norepinephrine) before and after spaceflight.
  • Assessment of neutrophil function including chemotaxis, adhesion to endothelial cells, and expression of MAC-1 and L-selectin.
Keywords:
NASA Center JSCNASA Discipline Regulatory Physiology

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Main Results:

  • A 1.5-fold increase in neutrophils and a slight decrease in lymphocytes were observed post-flight.
  • Urinary levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol were significantly elevated.
  • Neutrophil chemotaxis decreased tenfold, while MAC-1 expression decreased and L-selectin expression increased post-flight.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term spaceflight significantly alters neutrophil number and function, including chemotaxis and cell adhesion molecule expression.
  • Elevated urinary stress hormones suggest a physiological stress response to spaceflight.
  • These immune system alterations warrant further investigation for their clinical implications on extended space missions.