Comparative metabolism, thermoregulation and morphology in two populations of vlei rats (Otomys irroratus)

The Hogsback (32 degrees 33S 26 degrees 57E) and Alice (32 degrees 47S 26 degrees 50E), Eastern Cape, South Africa, are separated by only 24 km but by 1000 m in altitude and fall into different climatic regions. Thermal responses (energy expenditure and body temperature) to ambient temperature were measured in a population of vlei rats (Otomys irroratus) from each of the two localities. We predicted that animals from the colder Hogsback would show differences in their thermal physiology and morphology consistent with better cold-resistance. Basal metabolic rates of the Hogsback population were slightly, but not significantly, higher than the Alice population (23.9 J g-1 h-1 vs 22.3 J g-1 h-1), but the slope of the regression between energy expenditure and ambient temperature below the thermal neutral zone was significantly lower (-1.28 vs -1.60). Body temperature, although quite variable in both populations, was not significantly influenced by ambient temperature in the Hogsback population, whereas that of Alice animals was. Fur length was longer and relative size of the ears and tail was smaller in the Hogsback population, which probably accounted for the slightly lower minimum thermal conductance (1.79 J g-1 h-1 degree C-1 vs 1.91 J g-1 h-1 degree C-1) in the Hogsback population. Vlei rats from the two sites also have different karyotypes that correlate with climate but there is insufficient evidence at present to suggest that the different karyotypes and the physiological parameters measured are adaptive.