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Related Experiment Videos

Cis-regulatory elements of the mitotic regulator, string/Cdc25.

D A Lehman1, B Patterson, L A Johnston

  • 1Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|April 2, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory elements controlling string gene transcription in Drosophila are spread over 30 kb. These elements coordinate cell division with development, especially neurogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mitosis initiation in Drosophila relies on timely transcription of the string gene, which encodes a Cdc25-type phosphatase.
  • The string gene product activates the Cdk1 (Cdc2) mitotic kinase, a crucial regulator of the cell cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing string gene transcription.
  • To identify cis-acting elements responsible for controlling string expression across different cell types and developmental stages.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of string-lacZ reporter gene expression across a ~40 kb region of the string locus.
  • Functional complementation assays using protein-coding fragments of the string locus (6 kb to 31.6 kb) in Drosophila embryos and imaginal discs.

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Main Results:

  • A large number of cis-acting elements (>30 kb) regulate string transcription in a cell-type-specific manner.
  • Specific regulatory elements were identified for epidermal cells, mesoderm, trachea, and nurse cells.
  • The majority of the string locus is involved in regulating cell proliferation during neurogenesis.
  • Promoter-proximal sequences suffice for imaginal disc growth, while distal elements are essential for neural development.

Conclusions:

  • String transcription is controlled by a complex array of cis-acting elements distributed over a large genomic region.
  • These regulatory elements enable precise coordination of cell division with developmental processes, particularly neurogenesis.
  • Evolutionary acquisition of cell-type-specific elements by a growth-regulated promoter facilitated developmental integration.