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Related Experiment Videos

Marked resistance of the ability of insulin to decrease arterial stiffness characterizes human obesity.

J Westerbacka1, S Vehkavaara, R Bergholm

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.

Diabetes
|April 2, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Insulin reduces arterial stiffness in non-obese individuals, an effect blunted in obesity. This impairment in insulin's vascular action correlates with obesity and reduced glucose uptake.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Metabolic Endocrinology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Insulin is known to cause vasodilation in skeletal muscle resistance vessels.
  • The effect of insulin on large artery stiffness, particularly in the context of obesity, is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate insulin's impact on central aortic stiffness.
  • To determine if obesity alters insulin's effects on arterial stiffness and peripheral blood flow.

Main Methods:

  • Normoglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies were performed in non-obese and obese men.
  • Central aortic pressure waves were synthesized from peripheral measurements using applanation tonometry.
  • Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring augmentation and augmentation index.

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Main Results:

  • Insulin significantly decreased arterial stiffness (augmentation index) in non-obese subjects within 1 hour.
  • In obese subjects, insulin's effect on arterial stiffness was delayed and significantly blunted.
  • Whole-body glucose uptake was reduced in obese versus non-obese individuals.
  • The impairment in insulin's effect on arterial stiffness correlated with body fat percentage and reduced glucose uptake.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin has a rapid effect on decreasing large artery stiffness, preceding peripheral vasodilation.
  • Obesity significantly impairs insulin's ability to reduce central arterial stiffness.
  • The degree of this impairment is linked to the severity of obesity and insulin sensitivity.