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Teratogenicity

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Production of Genetically Engineered Golden Syrian Hamsters by Pronuclear Injection of the CRISPR/Cas9 Complex

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Mutagenic effects of AF-2, a food additive, on embryonic cells of the Syrian golden hamster on transplacental

N Inui, M Kaketomi, Y Nishi

Mutation Research

|December 1, 1976

Summary

This study shows that treating hamster embryos with AF-2 can induce mutations, making cells resistant to 8-azaguanine (8AG) or 6-thioguanine (6TG). This method aids in detecting environmental mutagens and carcinogens.

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Area of Science:

Toxicology
Genetics
Developmental Biology

Background:

Environmental mutagens pose risks to health.
Detecting these mutagens requires reliable testing methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel in vivo-in vitro assay for detecting environmental mutagens.
To evaluate the mutagenic potential of AF-2 and MNNG in hamster embryos.

Main Methods:

Hamster embryos were exposed to AF-2 transplacentally.
Embryonic cells were isolated, cultured, and selected for resistance to 8-azaguanine (8AG) or 6-thioguanine (6TG).
Direct exposure of embryonic cells to AF-2 and MNNG was also performed.

Main Results:

AF-2 treatment induced a dose-dependent increase in 8AG- and 6TG-resistant mutants.
Direct application of AF-2 and MNNG to embryonic cells also yielded resistant colonies.

Conclusions:

The in vivo-in vitro assay effectively detects mutagenicity.
This method is valuable for identifying environmental mutagens and carcinogens.