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Published on: March 27, 2018
Segmental renal hypoplasia in childhood
Insights
Segmental renal hypoplasia in children often presents with arterial hypertension and urinary issues. Bilateral cases can lead to renal failure, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Diagnostic Radiology
- Pediatric Urology
Background:
- Segmental renal hypoplasia is a congenital kidney abnormality.
- It can lead to significant clinical complications in children.
Observation:
- A study observed 6 children (aged 8-14) with segmental renal hypoplasia.
- Key clinical features included arterial hypertension, urinary tract infections, and proteinuria.
- Bilateral involvement was associated with renal failure.
Findings:
- Intravenous urography revealed small, scarred, and lobulated kidneys.
- Pathological areas showed ectatic calyces and elongated infundibula.
- Angiography demonstrated hypovascularity in affected segments.
- Vesicoureteral reflux was a frequent comorbidity.
- Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis.
Implications:
- Early diagnosis of segmental renal hypoplasia is crucial for managing hypertension and preventing renal failure.
- Understanding radiological and clinical findings aids in timely intervention.
- Further research into the long-term outcomes and management strategies is warranted.
Abstract:
Radiological findings of segmental renal hypoplasia are reported, based on the observation of 6 children aged between 8 and 14. The leading clinical symptom is arterial hypertension. Urinary tract infection and proteinuria are additional common findings. Cases with bilateral disease often have renal failure. The intravenous urogram shows unilateral or bilateral small kidneys with segmental renal scarring and transverse lobulation. In the pathological areas the calyces are ectatic or clubbed and their infundibulum is elongated. Vesico-ureteral reflux is frequent. In angiography the lobulated segments appear hypovascular. Diagnosis was verified by histological examination.
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