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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Evaluation of patient controlled sedation and analgesia for ESWL
M Maroof1, R M Khan, T H Bhatti
1Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
This study was designed to evaluate the quality of sedation/analgesia and patient cooperation provided by Patient Controlled Sedation & Analgesia (PCSA) using propofol and fentanyl (Group II) when compared with anesthetist administered propofol/fentanyl (Group I) in 32 ASA I & II patients undergoing ESWL of renal or ureteric stones. Demographics of the patients and the duration of ESWL were similar in both groups. Dose of propofol/fentanyl used during the procedure was significantly higher in Group I patients as compared to group II (p less than 0.05). Interpatient variability in propofol requirement was reflected in both groups in the lack of significant correlation between propofol dose and procedure duration. PCSA provided a marginally higher degree of patient and surgeon satisfaction scores as compared to anesthetist administered propofol/fentanyl. Quick recovery was more consistent in the PCSA group as compared to group I patients.
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