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Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics.

R D Rawlings1

  • 1Department of Materials, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, UK.

Clinical Materials
|December 9, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics bond strongly to bone by forming an apatite layer. Their mechanical properties, influenced by processing, are superior to glasses, with potential for bone cements and fillers.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Engineering
  • Bioceramics

Background:

  • Bioactive materials are engineered to elicit specific biological responses, primarily strong bone bonding.
  • Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics are key materials investigated for bone integration.
  • Understanding material structure and processing is crucial for developing effective bioactive implants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure, processing, and bioactivity of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics.
  • To discuss the relationship between composition, structure, and the formation of an apatite layer, crucial for bioactivity.
  • To survey the mechanical performance and potential improvements through composite structures and applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics.
  • Analysis of structure-property relationships based on composition and processing.
  • Evaluation of mechanical performance and bioactivity mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Bioactivity is confirmed by the surface apatite layer formation.
  • Glass-ceramics exhibit superior strength and toughness compared to glasses, with properties dependent on casting or sintering.
  • Composite approaches like bioactive coatings and matrix composites show varied success in enhancing mechanical performance.

Conclusions:

  • Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics offer promising bone bonding capabilities.
  • Processing methods significantly impact the mechanical properties of glass-ceramics.
  • Further research into composites and applications like bone cements and fillers is warranted.

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