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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
343
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

378
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
378
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

654
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
654
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

541
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
541
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

3.5K
Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
3.5K
Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

120.1K
The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
120.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Evaluation of Hydration Status by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Exercise Stress Test
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Evaluation of Hydration Status by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Exercise Stress Test

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Surgery for ischemic heart disease.

R S Palazzo1, H B Barner

  • 1Heart Institute, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York.

Current Opinion in Cardiology
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical treatment for ischemic heart disease is advancing, with established benefits for single internal mammary artery grafts. Newer data support using two, but more than two arterial conduits require further study to reduce reoperations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Ischemic Heart Disease Management

Background:

  • Surgical treatment for ischemic heart disease is continuously evolving.
  • Established criteria guide current management strategies.
  • Increasing numbers of elderly patients and those with impaired left ventricular function undergo cardiac surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current practices and emerging trends in surgical treatment for ischemic heart disease.
  • To evaluate the role and benefits of arterial conduits in coronary artery bypass grafting.
  • To address challenges in managing complex cardiac surgical cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical data on arterial grafting in ischemic heart disease.
  • Analysis of outcomes associated with single versus multiple arterial conduits.
  • Discussion of surgical considerations for high-risk patient populations.

Main Results:

  • The benefit of left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending artery bypass is well-documented.
  • Emerging data suggest potential benefits of using two internal mammary arteries, though survival data are pending.
  • The efficacy of utilizing more than two arterial conduits is yet to be determined.

Conclusions:

  • Increased utilization of arterial conduits may decrease reoperation rates caused by saphenous vein graft failure.
  • Managing older patients and those with severe left ventricular dysfunction remains a significant surgical challenge.
  • Urgent surgical interventions for acute angioplasty failure present ongoing clinical hurdles.