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Physiological and morphological observations on Thiovulum sp.

C O Wirsen, H W Jannasch

    Journal of Bacteriology
    |November 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Thiovulum sp. cells showed significant carbon dioxide uptake, particularly during veil formation, suggesting a chemolithotrophic metabolism. Pure culture attempts failed, but evidence supports its role in sulfur cycling.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Marine Biology
    • Chemolithotrophy

    Background:

    • Thiovulum sp. are marine bacteria often found in sulfide-rich environments.
    • Their metabolic capabilities, particularly regarding carbon fixation, remain incompletely understood.
    • Previous studies have suggested a potential role in sulfur oxidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the metabolic activity and nutritional requirements of Thiovulum sp.
    • To determine if Thiovulum sp. can fix inorganic carbon via chemolithotrophy.
    • To explore the optimal conditions for carbon uptake in Thiovulum sp.

    Main Methods:

    • Cultivation of Thiovulum sp. in open-flow cultures with controlled hydrogen sulfide and oxygen levels.
    • Measurement of 14CO2 uptake by purified cell suspensions.
    • Assessment of carbon uptake from various organic compounds.
    • Correction for heterotrophic and autotrophic contaminants.

    Main Results:

    • Thiovulum sp. exhibited maximum 14CO2 uptake during the formation of characteristic veils.
    • Optimal CO2 uptake occurred in air-saturated seawater with approximately 1 mM hydrogen sulfide.
    • No significant carbon uptake was observed from tested organic compounds like acetate and glutamate.
    • Attempts to establish pure cultures were unsuccessful.

    Conclusions:

    • The data strongly support a chemolithotrophic mode of nutrition for Thiovulum sp.
    • Thiovulum sp. likely plays a role in marine carbon and sulfur cycling.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the physiology and ecological significance of Thiovulum sp.

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