Maximizing oxygen delivery when resuscitating patients from shock. Clinical guidelines as well as some practical...

In patients with shock and evidence of hypoperfusion, target therapy at increasing oxygen delivery and decreasing oxygen consumption. To augment delivery, increase arterial oxygenation (with mechanical ventilation and high levels of inspired oxygen), hemoglobin level to at least 10 g/dL (with transfusions of red blood cells), and cardiac output (with hydration and inotropic support). Avoid vasopressors because they increase afterload and thereby decrease cardiac output and oxygen delivery. To reduce oxygen consumption, consider antipyretics (to lower metabolic demand) and mechanical ventilation plus sedatives or paralytics (to decrease the work of breathing). Continue therapy until oxygen consumption is no longer coupled to delivery.