Infectious diseases of the conjunctiva and cornea

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Infectious Diseases
• Microbiology

Background:

• Bacterial keratitis and conjunctivitis are often treated with antibiotics like aminoglycosides and quinolones.
• Fungal keratitis, particularly Fusarium, is prevalent in developing countries and requires antifungal therapy.
• Contact lens wear is linked to microbial keratitis, with Pseudomonas forming protective biofilms and Acanthamoeba infections arising from poor disinfection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current challenges and advancements in diagnosing and treating outer eye infectious diseases.
• To highlight the changing landscape of ocular infections due to antimicrobial resistance and evolving pathogens.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of infectious eye diseases, focusing on causative agents, risk factors, and treatment modalities.
• Discussion of diagnostic techniques, including polymerase chain reaction for viral detection.
• Analysis of emerging microbial threats and their impact on ocular health.

Main Results:

• While Western countries see fewer major infectious eye disease issues, certain environmental organisms have become significant threats.
• Antimicrobial resistance and increased use of antimicrobial agents have led to more complex infections.
• Fungal infections remain a major cause of serious ocular complications in underdeveloped regions.

Conclusions:

• Despite advances, infectious diseases of the outer eye present ongoing challenges, particularly in resource-limited settings.
• Emerging pathogens and resistance patterns necessitate continuous development in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
• Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, including antifungals for specific infections, are critical for managing ocular infections.