Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

2.8K
Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
2.8K
Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

5.3K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
5.3K
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

5.8K
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
5.8K
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

2.1K
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
2.1K
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

1.4K
Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
1.4K
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

4.8K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
4.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of halazepam and diazepam on the motor coordination of geriatric subjects.

European journal of clinical pharmacology·1977
Same author

Ischaemic optic neuropathy. The clinical profile and history.

Brain : a journal of neurology·1975
Same author

Ischemic optic neuropathy: clinical features and long-term follow-up.

Transactions of the American Neurological Association·1973
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
05:04

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration

Published on: May 5, 2020

8.2K

Disorders of facial motor function.

D R Boghen1

  • 1Neurology Unit, Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal Hospital, Québec, Canada.

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|November 3, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This review examines facial movement disorders like blepharospasm and facial spasm. Botulinum toxin A is a preferred treatment for these conditions, offering insights into their complex nature and effective management strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Facial movement disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting voluntary and involuntary facial muscle activity.
  • Blepharospasm, facial spasm, facial myokymia, apraxia of lid opening, and facial paralysis are key areas of clinical and research interest.
  • Understanding the underlying pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent publications on various facial movement disorders.
  • To discuss current understanding of their pathophysiology and treatment options.
  • To highlight advancements in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications on facial movement disorders.

More Related Videos

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

106.6K
Facial Nerve Axotomy in Mice: A Model to Study Motoneuron Response to Injury
10:11

Facial Nerve Axotomy in Mice: A Model to Study Motoneuron Response to Injury

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
05:04

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration

Published on: May 5, 2020

8.2K
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

106.6K
Facial Nerve Axotomy in Mice: A Model to Study Motoneuron Response to Injury
10:11

Facial Nerve Axotomy in Mice: A Model to Study Motoneuron Response to Injury

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.7K
  • Discussion of electromyographic (EMG) studies in blepharospasm and apraxia of lid opening.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for botulinum toxin A injections and microvascular decompression.
  • Consideration of the search coil technique for lid movement analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Electromyography reveals heterogeneous patterns in blepharospasm, indicating it's not a single entity.
    • Apraxia of lid opening may involve sustained orbicularis oculi contraction or levator palpebrae inhibition.
    • Botulinum toxin A is the preferred treatment for blepharospasm and apraxia of lid opening.
    • Bilateral facial spasm is infrequent but potentially underdiagnosed.
    • Microvascular decompression is favored by some surgeons for facial spasm, but botulinum toxin A remains the primary treatment.
    • Facial myokymia in multiple sclerosis is linked to lesions in the dorsolateral pontine facial nerve.
    • The search coil technique aids in monitoring recovery in facial nerve palsy.

    Conclusions:

    • Facial movement disorders are diverse, requiring tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
    • Botulinum toxin A is a highly effective treatment for several facial movement disorders.
    • Advancements in EMG and lid movement recording techniques enhance understanding and management.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and optimize treatments for all facial movement disorders.