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Biostability of materials and implants.

S D Bruck1

  • 1Biomaterials and Medical Devices Consulting Group, Stephen D. Bruck Associates, Inc., Rockville, MD 20851.

Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants
|December 10, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Biomaterial biostability is crucial for implants. Most synthetic polymers degrade via hydrolysis, suggesting in vitro tests should avoid enzymes unless the material contains specific bonds, and consider stress and absorption effects.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Degradation
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Biostability is critical for the performance and longevity of biomedical materials and implants.
  • Misunderstandings of key terms like biomaterials, bioerosion, biostability, and bioresorption necessitate clear definitions.
  • Understanding material degradation is essential for developing reliable in vitro testing methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss key parameters influencing the biostability of materials and implants.
  • To clarify definitions of critical terms related to material-biological interactions.
  • To guide the development of improved in vitro testing and evaluation procedures for biomedical materials.

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of in vitro and in vivo degradation mechanisms for various biomedical materials.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of factors affecting polymer degradation, including hydrolysis and enzymatic activity.
  • Examination of the influence of physiological environment components and stresses on material biostability.

    • Main Results:

    • Most synthetic polymers degrade via non-enzymatic hydrolysis in vivo.
    • Enzyme solutions are generally not recommended for initial in vitro testing of synthetic polymers, except for those with specific chemical bonds.
    • Environmental stress cracking and absorption of physiological components significantly impact the biostability of polymeric materials.

    Conclusions:

    • Initial in vitro testing of most synthetic polymers should exclude enzyme solutions, focusing on hydrolysis.
    • Enzyme-based testing is appropriate for natural biopolymers and synthetic biodegradable polymers with specific bond types.
    • Biostability is a complex phenomenon influenced by material composition, environmental stresses, and physiological component absorption.