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Changes in functional competency in the oldest old. A longitudinal study.

S H Zarit1, B Johansson, B Malmberg

  • 1Pennsylvania State University, USA.

Journal of Aging and Health
|January 8, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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This study tracks aging adults, finding high rates of disability and cognitive decline. Increased mortality among disabled individuals means new cases replace those who died, impacting prevalence.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology
  • Longitudinal Studies

Background:

  • Aging populations present unique challenges in maintaining functional and cognitive health.
  • Understanding the trajectory of disability and cognitive decline in the oldest old is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally examine changes in everyday functioning and cognitive abilities in a representative sample of the oldest old.
  • To investigate the relationship between disability, cognitive deficits, and mortality in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • A representative sample of individuals aged 84, 86, 88, and 90 years in South Central Sweden were selected using census records.
  • Participants were assessed at 2-year intervals to track changes in functioning and cognition.

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Main Results:

  • High baseline rates of disability and a high incidence of cognitive and functional deficits were observed among survivors.
  • Mortality was significantly associated with higher rates of disability at prior assessment points.
  • Prevalence of disability did not increase as expected due to high mortality among disabled individuals; new cases partially replaced those who died.

Conclusions:

  • The oldest old experience significant functional and cognitive decline, with high mortality rates among those with disabilities.
  • High incidence of disability is counterbalanced by high mortality, influencing prevalence trends in this age group.
  • Longitudinal data is essential for understanding the complex interplay of aging, disability, and survival.